Vibration is a fundamental phenomenon observed in various mechanical and industrial systems. It can be classified based on its origin, motion, and effect on machinery.
Types of Vibration
- Free or Natural Vibration
Occurs when an object vibrates at its natural frequency without any external force after an initial displacement.
Amplitude decreases over time due to energy dissipation.
Types of Free Vibration:
- Longitudinal Vibration: Shaft moves up and down along its length.
- Transverse Vibration: Shaft moves side to side perpendicular to its length.
- Torsional Vibration: Shaft twists around its axis.
- Forced Vibration
Caused by an external periodic force applied to the system.
Amplitude remains constant as long as the force continues.
Example: Vibrations in engines due to unbalanced rotating components.
- Damped Vibration
Occurs when resistance (e.g., friction or air resistance) reduces vibration amplitude over time.
Helps in stabilizing machinery and preventing excessive oscillations.
Vibration in Industrial Applications
Industrial environments experience vibration from multiple sources, which can impact equipment performance and longevity.
Common Sources of Industrial Vibration:
- Rotating Machinery: Pumps, compressors, turbines, motors, fans, and generators.
- Reciprocating Equipment: Compressors, engines, and pistons.
- Process Equipment: Reactors, mixers, and agitators.
